Stereotactic brain surgery is usually used for elder patients.
Before the surgery, patients need to receive a thorough check-up and laboratory tests. After confirming the eligibility for treatment, they can receive the surgery with general anesthesia.
At the beginning of the surgery, a surgical frame will be fixed at four points on the patient's skull. 

As for intravenous injections, doctors will blend stem cells into physiological saline and inject it into the blood stream. Then stem cells will travel throughout the body and reach the injured tissues. As the concentration of cells which finally arriving at the target organ is relatively low, this kind of transplantation is usually used as a ministrant method.

The interventional therapy is a 90 minutes procedure performed in local anesthesia. This procedure could guide a large quantity of stem cells into the target area.
In the beginning of the procedure, the area of catheterization needs to be sterilized. Then the doctor will apply local anesthetics.

CT-guided intraspinal injection used in the stem cell treatment for spinal cord injury has been developed by Dr. An’s medical team. The procedure causes no trauma to the patient, avoids loss of blood and pain, and allows for rapid recovery. A main advantage is that no major surgery is required. The surgeon operates with sophisticated knowledge of neural anatomy making use of high-level technology.

Lumbar puncture is a therapeutic procedure which is conducted under local anesthesia. The whole procedure usually lasts for 15 minutes.
During the procedure, a needle will be inserted into the spinal canal between two lumbar vertebrae. This careful insertion would almost lead no harm to the body as the spinal cord is absent in this location.